Day 1
Introduction to Fixed-Income Securities
· Determining the Level of Bond Yields and Prices: The Demand and Supply of Funds
· Market Structures: Private Placements, Broker/Dealer Markets, Intermediated Markets
· Determinants of Liquidity
· Sources of Dealer Profitability
· Financial Intermediation, Transactions Costs, and Asymmetric Information
· Securities Flow Diagram
· Financial Engineering Zero-Coupon Government Debt: The Classic Case of CATS, TIGRs, LIONs and Treasury STRIPS
Money Market Analysis
· Money Market Instruments
· Discount Rates vs. Add-On Rates
· Pricing Formulas and Conversions
· Periodicity Conversions
In-Class Spreadsheet Exercises
Bond Prices and Yields
· Calculating Bond Prices Using Zero-Coupon Rates
· Assumptions and Limitations to Yield to Maturity
· Horizon Yields, Coupon Reinvestment Risk, Price Risk
· Constant-Yield Price Trajectory and Bond Taxation
· Accrued Interest and Bond Pricing between Coupon Dates
· Calculating the Implied Probability of Default on Corporate Bonds
· Yield Statistics on Bond Portfolios
· Bloomberg Yield Analysis (YA) Page
In-Class Spreadsheet Exercises
Day 2
Treasury Yield Curve Analysis
· U.S. Treasury Bills, Notes, and Bonds: The Auction Process, Price and Yield Quotation
· Interpreting Auction Results
· U.S. Treasury Yields on Coupon Bonds, TIPS, and STRIPS
· Repo and Reverse Repos
· Treasury STRIPS and Bond Arbitrage: Coupon Stripping and Bond Reconstitution
· Calculating and Using Implied Spot (Zero-Coupon) Rates from Coupon Bonds
· Calculating and Using Implied Forward Bond Rates
· Money Market Implied Forward Rates
· Classic Theories of the Term Structure of Interest Rates: Expectations Theory, Segmented Markets Theory, and Liquidity Preference Theory
In-Class Spreadsheet Exercises
Duration and Convexity Analysis
· Bond Pricing TheoremsCoupon, Maturity, Convexity Effects
· Taxonomy of Duration Statistics
· Yield DurationMacaulay and Modified Duration
· Calculating Duration as a Weighted Average Time to Receipt of Cash Flow
· Calculating Duration with a Closed-Form Formula
· Relationship Between Duration and Maturity
· Duration-Based Weights for Average Yield
· Calculating and Using the Yield Convexity Statistic
· Bloomberg Yield Analysis (YA) Page
Value-at-Risk Analysis
· Calculating Value-at-Risk (VaR) on a Bond Portfolio Using Yield Volatilities
· Calculating VaR on a Bond Portfolio Using Price Volatilities
· Using VaR in Portfolio Management
· Expected Shortfall
In-Class Spreadsheet Exercises
Day 3
Callables, Putables, and Floaters
· Simple Binomial Model for Valuing Embedded Options
· Valuing Callable and Putable Bonds
· Curve Duration and Convexity on Callables and Putables
· Option-Adjusted Spreads (OAS) and Yields (OAY)
· Bloomberg OAS1 Page
· Curve Duration and Convexity on Non-Callable Bonds
· Duration of a Floating-Rate Note
· Bloomberg YAF Page
In-Class Spreadsheet Exercises
Interest Rate Swaps
· Quotation and Settlement Calculations
· A Swap as a Combination of a Fixed-Rate Bond and a Floating-Rate Note
· Calculating the Mark-to-Market Value of a Swap
· The Classic Credit Quality Spread Arbitrage Story
· Pricing a Swap Using the Implied Spot and Forward Curves
· Traditional Swap Valuation Using LIBOR Discounting
· Interest Rate Swap Valuation Using a Binomial Tree
· Implications for Swap Valuation from OIS Discounting
· Bootstrapping the Implied Forward Swap Curve
· Varying Notional Principal Swaps, Forward-Start Swaps, Off-Market Swaps
In-Class Spreadsheet Exercises
Day 4
Fixed-Income Portfolio Strategies
· Maturity Extensions and Riding the Yield Curve
· Break-Even Forward Yields
· Aggressive Portfolio Management Using Average Duration and Convexity
· Bull and Bear Flatteners, Bull and Bear Steepeners
· Positive and Negative Butterfly Shifts
· Swap Overlays to Modify Portfolio Duration
· Passive Portfolio Management and Immunization
· Structural Risk to Immunization
· Relationship between Yield, Macaulay Duration, Convexity, and Dispersion
· Implementation Issues for an Immunization Strategy
In-Class Spreadsheet Exercises
Interest Rate Caps, Collars, and Floors
· Quotation and Settlement Calculations
· Cap-Floor-Swap Parity
· Amortization of Multi-Year Cap Premiums
· Debt Liability Management Using Swaps, Caps, and Collars
· Cap and Floor Valuation Using Binomial Trees
· Floating-Rate Notes with Embedded Caps and Floors
· Reverse Engineering Structured Notes
Entry Options on Swaps (Swaptions)
· Payer Swaptions and Receiver Swaptions
· Using Forward-Start Swaps and Swaptions to Hedge Pre-Issuance Interest Rate Risk
· A Pre-Issuance Hedge Example Using Binomial Trees
In-Class Spreadsheet Exercises